Read/Write Separation: Scaling Reads with Replicas
Read/write separation: routing reads to replicas with the staleness audit, replica routing mechanics, replication lag as the governing…
Tag
system-design
58 articles
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Search Engines in System Design: When and How to Add Search
Search engine system design: search vs database queries, when to add elasticsearch, the indexing pipeline that keeps the…
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Blob and Object Storage: Storing Files at Scale
Object storage explained: the flat key-space and HTTP model, blob vs object naming, object vs block vs file…
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SQL vs NoSQL: Choosing a Data Model Under Real Constraints
SQL vs NoSQL decided on real constraints: what relational databases guarantee, the types of nosql databases, when to…
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Distributed Tracing: Following One Request Across Many Services
What is distributed tracing: the span and trace model, context propagation across services and queues, OpenTelemetry tracing and…
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Database Indexing: How Indexes Speed Up Reads (and Cost Writes)
How do database indexes work: the b tree index, clustered vs non clustered indexes, composite index column order,…
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Metrics: Golden Signals, RED, and USE
Metrics monitoring for a distributed fleet: time series metrics (counters, gauges, histograms) the four golden signals, RED vs…
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Logging: Structured, Centralized, and Searchable
Structured logging, log levels, centralized logging, and log aggregation: how a distributed fleet turns scattered events into one…
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Sharding vs Replication: Which One Do You Need?
Sharding vs replication compared: what each mechanism scales, when replication is enough, when to shard, and why production…
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Monitoring and Observability: Knowing What Your System Is Doing
Observability vs monitoring, drawn honestly: what observability is as a property, the three pillars (logs, metrics, traces) the…
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Database Sharding: Partitioning Strategies, Hot Keys, and Rebalancing
Database sharding explained: range, hash, directory, and geographic strategies, choosing a shard key, hot shards, cross-shard queries, and…
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Database Replication: Leader-Follower, Multi-Leader, and Leaderless
Database replication explained: leader-follower, multi-leader, and leaderless topologies, synchronous vs asynchronous trade-offs, replication lag, and the failover failure…
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Cache Invalidation Strategies: Purges, Versioning, and Write-Through Choices
Cache invalidation strategies compared: delete-on-write, versioned cache keys, the cache purge, and write-through vs write-behind (plus the delivery…
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Redis Architecture: Data Structures, Persistence, and High Availability
Redis architecture under the caching patterns: the single-threaded event loop, redis data structures, maxmemory eviction, rdb vs aof…