Nullable Reference Types: Avoiding NullReferenceException
Enable nullable reference types in C#: nullability annotations, the ! operator, required members, nullability attributes, and a legacy migration path.
Category
Backend Development
These backend development guides cover the parts users never see: data, queues and services. Most posts compare two options and explain when each wins.
For example, SQL vs NoSQL and Kafka vs RabbitMQ help with common choices. Also, monolith vs microservices tackles the biggest one. Language series live in the Java, Python and Node.js sections below.
149 articles
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Async and Await in C#: Writing Non-Blocking Code Correctly
Use async and await in C# correctly: what Task really is, ValueTask, ConfigureAwait, async void, cancellation tokens, and…
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LINQ in C#: Querying Collections the Idiomatic Way
Write idiomatic LINQ in C#: query vs method syntax, deferred execution, IEnumerable vs IQueryable, multiple enumeration traps, and…
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Object-Oriented C#: Classes, Inheritance, and Interfaces
Master object-oriented C#: classes, properties, constructors, inheritance, abstract classes, interfaces, records, and when composition beats inheritance.
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C# Basics: Types, Variables, and Control Flow
Learn C# basics for backend work: value vs reference types, var, string interpolation, if and switch expressions, loops,…
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.NET Versions Explained: LTS vs STS and Which to Choose
Confused by .NET LTS vs STS? See the release calendar, support windows, and a decision framework for picking…
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Installing .NET SDK and Setting Up Your First Project
Learn how to install .NET SDK on Windows, macOS, or Linux, verify it with dotnet --info, then build…
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Testing Spring Boot Applications
Executive Summary: Most Spring Boot testing is plain JUnit 5 and Mockito: build the service directly and mock…
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Spring Security Basics
Executive Summary: Spring Security basics rest on two questions: authentication checks who is calling, and authorization decides what…
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Validation and Exception Handling in Spring Boot
Executive Summary: Bean Validation lets you put constraints like @NotNull, @Size, and @Email on fields and check them…
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HTTP, REST, and JSON in Java
Executive Summary: Java’s built-in HttpClient handles HTTP calls, and Jackson’s ObjectMapper turns JSON into records and back. I…
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Repository Pattern in Plain Java
Executive Summary: The repository pattern puts data access behind a domain-named interface, with an in-memory implementation for fast…
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JPA and Hibernate Fundamentals
Executive Summary: JPA and Hibernate replace hand-written row mapping with mutable entities managed by an EntityManager. I cover…
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Building a CRUD App with JDBC
Executive Summary: This hands-on project builds a book catalog CRUD app with plain JDBC, H2, and a small…
