Author

Imran M

Engineering Leader & AI Architect

Engineering leader and AI architect with 13+ years of experience building scalable platforms and AI-powered systems. I write about Applied AI, Agentic AI, software architecture, cloud, DevOps, platform engineering, and the practical side of building reliable technology at scale.

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496 articles

01/01/2022 8 min read

Abstract Classes vs Interfaces in Java

Executive Summary: Use an abstract class when related classes share state or a fixed workflow, and an interface…
13/12/2021 11 min read

Load Shedding: Dropping Traffic to Stay Alive

Load shedding explained: overload survival by dropping work deliberately: graceful degradation ladders chosen in advance, server overload protection…
13/12/2021 10 min read

Optimistic Locking: Versioning, Conflicts, and High-Concurrency Writes

Optimistic Locking lets writers proceed without holding long row locks. Learn version checks, conflict retries, and when a…
21/11/2021 9 min read

The Object Class: equals, hashCode, toString, and clone

Executive Summary: Every Java class inherits equals, hashCode, toString, and clone from Object, and the defaults use identity.…
15/11/2021 10 min read

Race Conditions in Backend Systems: Detection, Prevention, and Testing

Race Conditions in Backend Systems hide until load hits. Learn how to detect lost updates, block unsafe writes,…
18/10/2021 9 min read

Thread Safety in Backend Systems: Locks, Atomics, and Concurrency Patterns

Thread Safety in Backend Systems fails in quiet ways under real load. Learn locks, atomics, and patterns that…
17/10/2021 9 min read

Inheritance and Polymorphism in Java

Executive Summary: In Java, a subclass inherits from its parent, can override its methods, and runs the overridden…
11/10/2021 13 min read

Idempotency: Designing Operations That Survive Retries

Idempotency explained: operations that survive retries and duplicates, the idempotency key from client to dedup table, idempotent API…
02/10/2021 4 min read

Web Design with CSS Grid Layout

Web design has witnessed revolutionary innovations, and CSS Grid Layout is one of the vital advancements in this…
20/09/2021 11 min read

Connection Pooling Explained: Sizing, Timeouts, and Database Overload

Connection Pooling Explained for teams who see timeouts when load spikes hard. Learn pool size, wait limits, and…
18/09/2021 8 min read

Encapsulation, Access Modifiers, and Packages in Java

Executive Summary: Encapsulation in Java means keeping fields private and exposing behavior through methods that enforce the object’s…
04/09/2021 9 min read

Java Constructors and the this Keyword: Building Objects That Start Valid

Executive Summary: Java constructors initialize objects at creation, and good ones make invalid objects impossible. This post covers…
15/08/2021 10 min read

Gradle for Java Projects: Builds, Tasks, and Kotlin DSL

Executive Summary: Gradle builds Java projects from a build.gradle.kts file using plugins, repositories, dependencies, and a toolchain that…
10/08/2021 3 min read

Permalink Issues & Fixes in Local WordPress Development

In the world of web development, WordPress is a popular platform that powers millions of websites across the…