SQL Injection Prevention: Parameterized Queries, ORMs, and Defense in Depth
SQL Injection Prevention keeps queries bound to data, not to raw strings. Learn parameters, ORM limits, least privilege,…
Category
System Design
Explore system design principles and strategies to build scalable, reliable, and high-performing software architectures for complex systems.
112 articles
Redis Architecture: Data Structures, Persistence, and High Availability
Redis architecture under the caching patterns: the single-threaded event loop, redis data structures, maxmemory eviction, rdb vs aof…
Redis Caching: Patterns for Real Workloads
Redis caching in practice: cache-aside with a TTL on every write, the redis TTL strategy, and the stampede,…
Cache Failure Modes: Stampede, Avalanche, and Penetration
The three ways caches fail when it matters: the cache stampede on an expired key, cache avalanche from…
Distributed Caching: Architecture and Invalidation Across Nodes
Distributed caching beyond one node: consistent-hash routing, cache tiers, hot keys, cross-node invalidation, and the redis vs memcached…
Caching in System Design: Patterns, Eviction, and Hit Ratio
Cache-aside vs read-through, write-through vs write-back, LRU eviction, and the hit-ratio math that decides whether a cache pays…
L4 vs L7 Load Balancing: Where the Balancer Looks
L4 vs L7 load balancing compared: the layer 4 load balancer's connection-level speed, the layer 7 load balancer's…
Long Polling vs Server-Sent Events: Choosing a Push Strategy
Long polling vs SSE compared: how server sent events work, where websockets fit, sse vs polling costs, and…
WebSockets in System Design: When You Need a Persistent Connection
What are websockets: the websocket vs http comparison, the websocket connection lifecycle in six steps, and scaling websocket…
Rate Limiting in System Design: Algorithms and Distributed Enforcement
The rate limiting algorithms that matter (token bucket, leaky bucket, sliding window) how distributed enforcement works across a…
API Gateway in System Design: The Front Door of Microservices
What an API gateway does (routing, authentication, rate limits, transformation) how it differs from a reverse proxy and…
How a CDN Works: Edge Caching, TTLs, and Cache Hit Ratio
How a CDN serves content from edge servers near users; cache hits, origin fetches, TTLs, cache hit ratio,…