Author

Imran M

Engineering Leader & AI Architect

Engineering leader and AI architect with 13+ years of experience building scalable platforms and AI-powered systems. I write about Applied AI, Agentic AI, software architecture, cloud, DevOps, platform engineering, and the practical side of building reliable technology at scale.

548 articles in 15 years
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548 articles

05/01/2019 12 min read

Blob and Object Storage: Storing Files at Scale

Object storage explained: the flat key-space and HTTP model, blob vs object naming, object vs block vs file…
26/12/2018 10 min read

gRPC vs REST: Protocol Buffers, Streaming, and Production Trade-offs

gRPC vs REST compares protocol buffers, streaming, and JSON APIs so you can pick a contract that stays…
14/12/2018 6 min read

Graceful Shutdown and Process Signals in Node.js

Graceful shutdown for Node.js and Express: SIGTERM handling, keep-alive sockets, closing the pool last, readiness checks and Docker…
12/12/2018 6 min read

Node.js Performance: Clustering, Worker Threads, and What Actually Helps

Real benchmarks of the cluster module and worker threads on Node 10, plus event loop lag checks, PM2…
10/12/2018 8 min read

Testing Node.js APIs with Jest and Supertest

Testing an Express API with Jest and Supertest: app factory, auth helpers, error paths, a real database and…
10/12/2018 11 min read

Tail Latency: Why P99 Matters More Than Averages in Distributed Systems

Tail Latency is the slow slice users actually feel. Learn why averages lie, how fan-out multiplies delay, and…
07/12/2018 10 min read

JWT Authentication in Node.js and Express: Step by Step

JWT authentication for Express, step by step: bcrypt passwords, short-lived tokens, verify middleware, roles, refresh tokens and token…
05/12/2018 9 min read

How to Connect Node.js to PostgreSQL: pg, Pooling, and CRUD

Connect Node.js to PostgreSQL with pg 7: one PostgreSQL pool, parameterized CRUD, a transaction helper and constraint errors…
03/12/2018 9 min read

Node.js Environment Variables and Secrets: dotenv and Best Practices

Environment variables in Node.js with dotenv 6: a .env.example contract, a validated Joi config module, fail-fast startup and…
01/12/2018 9 min read

How to Configure Delivery Templates in Adobe Campaign Classic

Set up Adobe Campaign delivery templates that teams reuse safely: properties, routing, typology, personalisation blocks and approvals.
30/11/2018 10 min read

Node.js Error Handling and Middleware: A Practical Guide

Central error handling middleware for Express 4: AppError, the async error trap, RFC 7807 Problem Details, request ids…
28/11/2018 13 min read

Building REST API Endpoints in Node.js and Express: Routes, Controllers, and Best Practices

How I structure an Express REST API on Node 10: routes, Joi validation, thin controllers, services and correct…
26/11/2018 1 min read

Start a basic server using express

Express is an amazing framework. We can start running a server by writing only 4 lines of code.…
05/11/2018 10 min read

P99 Latency Explained: Measurement, Debugging, and SLOs

P99 Latency Explained for engineers who own production SLOs. Learn how to measure the slow percentile, debug the…