Backend Development

Backend development is the server-side work behind an application: APIs, business logic, databases, queues and background jobs. Backend engineers pick languages such as Java, Python, Node.js or C#, decide how data is stored and how services talk to each other, and keep it all fast and correct under load. Most of the hard calls are trade-offs, such as SQL against NoSQL or a monolith against microservices.

178 articles

25/02/2024 12 min read

Modern Java Features: var, Text Blocks, and Pattern Matching

Executive Summary: Modern Java gives you var for local type inference, text blocks for multi-line strings, switch expressions…
14/02/2024 14 min read

Python Embeddings and Semantic Search: Build It from Scratch

Turn text into vectors, store them in a NumPy matrix, and rank by cosine similarity. A complete semantic…
12/02/2024 4 min read

Spring Boot REST API

Executive Summary: Java REST services without clear layering end up with fat controllers and brittle contracts. Here I…
05/02/2024 6 min read

Spring Boot Auto-Configuration: Your First REST Endpoint, Explained

Executive Summary: Spring Boot auto-configuration sets up the server, dependency injection, and JSON handling, so a REST endpoint…
28/01/2024 10 min read

Networking Basics in Java: Sockets and HTTP Clients

Executive Summary: Java networking ranges from raw TCP sockets to the built-in HttpClient. I cover ServerSocket and Socket…
20/01/2024 10 min read

Dependency Injection Concepts in Java

Executive Summary: Dependency injection means a class receives its collaborators, usually as interfaces through the constructor, instead of…
10/01/2024 12 min read

How Kafka Works: Topics, Partitions, and Consumer Groups

How Kafka works from the log out: topics and partitions as the units of order and parallelism, consumer…
07/01/2024 10 min read

Serialization in Java: How It Works and Why to Avoid It

Executive Summary: Java serialization turns an object graph into bytes through Serializable, with serialVersionUID and transient controlling compatibility…
13/12/2023 4 min read

Understanding JVM Internals: From Source Code to Runtime

Executive Summary: Treating the JVM as a black box makes tuning and production debugging guesswork. Here I walk…
06/12/2023 15 min read

How to Call the OpenAI API in Python: Streaming, Retries, and Errors

Use the v1 OpenAI Python client properly: explicit timeouts, bounded retries, specific error handling, streaming output, and tests…
02/12/2023 11 min read

Java Modules (JPMS): Basics and Migration

Executive Summary: Java modules group packages behind a module-info.java file that declares what a module requires, exports, and…
07/11/2023 12 min read

Kafka vs RabbitMQ: Choosing a Message Broker

Kafka vs RabbitMQ decided on model shape, not brand: the durable log versus classic routing, when to use…
04/11/2023 11 min read

Reflection in Java: Inspecting and Modifying Classes at Runtime

Executive Summary: Reflection lets Java code inspect and call classes at runtime through Class, Method, Field, and Constructor…
18/10/2023 12 min read

What’s New in Python 3.12: Features and Upgrade Guide

Python 3.12 brings cleaner generic syntax, unrestricted f-strings, smarter error messages, and the removal of distutils. Here is…