Multi-Agent vs Single-Agent: When Multi-Agent Wins (and When It Doesn’t)
A cost-benefit test for multi-agent vs single-agent: when specialization and isolation pay off, and when one agent loop…
Blog
Tech Insights & Engineering Notes
AI systems, platform engineering and architecture. Lessons from 13+ years of building at scale.
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Multi-Agent Architectures: Supervisor, Swarm, and Hierarchical
Supervisor, swarm, and hierarchical multi-agent architecture compared on coordination, shared state, latency, cost, and how failures spread between…
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MCP for AI Agents: How the Model Context Protocol Standardizes Tools
MCP for AI agents: how the Model Context Protocol standardizes tools, resources, and prompts, and what it leaves…
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CrewAI vs AutoGen vs LangGraph: Choosing a Framework
CrewAI vs AutoGen vs LangGraph compared on architecture, state, multi-agent support, and operations, plus where Microsoft Agent Framework…
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LangGraph for Agents: Stateful, Cyclic Workflows
How LangGraph models agents as stateful, cyclic graphs: state schemas, nodes, checkpointing, human review interrupts, and when to…
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Human-in-the-Loop: Approvals, Escalation, and Guardrails
Designing human-in-the-loop agents: approval boundaries, escalation, review, override, audit trails, and how guardrails differ from permission checks.
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Planning and Reasoning: ReAct, Plan-and-Execute, and Tree-of-Thought
AI agent planning and reasoning patterns: how ReAct, plan-and-execute, and tree-of-thought work, and when each one earns its…
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Agent Memory: Short-Term, Long-Term, and Episodic
Agent memory for AI agents: short-term, long-term, and episodic stores, with write policies, retrieval, freshness, and how memory…
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Tool Use and Function Calling: Giving Agents the Ability to Act
How tool use and function calling work in AI agents: tool contracts, JSON schemas, validation, authorization, and error…
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When to Use an AI Agent (and When a Workflow Is Enough)
When to use an AI agent instead of a workflow: a decision framework comparing predictability, cost, and failure…
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The Anatomy of an AI Agent: LLM, Tools, Memory, and the Control Loop
Inside the anatomy of an AI agent: the control loop, model calls, tool execution, state transitions, memory, and…
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What Is an AI Agent? Definitions, Components, and How It Differs from a Chatbot
What is an AI agent? A practical definition: the components inside an agent system, how agents differ from…
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AI Agents: The Complete Guide to Architecture, Frameworks, and Production Deployment
A complete guide to building reliable AI agents: architecture, tools, memory, frameworks, evaluation, observability, security, and production deployment.
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MCP Explained: Model Context Protocol Guide
MCP standardizes how apps expose tools, resources, and prompts to LLMs. I cover architecture, security, and working server…
